www.riscos.com Technical Support: Acorn C/C++

Acorn C/C++ Reference Manual

Referenced Index of Contents

• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 1: Introduction
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 2: CC and C++
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 3: CMHG
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 4: ToANSI
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 5: ToPCC
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 6: C implementation details
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 7: The C library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 8: The ANSI library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 9: The Event library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 10: The Wimp library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 11: The Toolbox library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 12: The Render library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 13: C++ implementation details
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 14: The Streams library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 15: The Complex Math library
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 16: Portability
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 17: Assembly language interface
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 18: How to write relocatable modules in C
• Acorn C/C++: Chapter 19: Overlays
• Acorn C/C++: Appendix A: Changes to the C compiler
• Acorn C/C++: Appendix B: C errors and warnings
• Acorn C/C++: Appendix C: C++ errors and warnings

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 1: Introduction

• Introduction
  • Installation of Acorn Desktop C
  • The C compiler
  • The C++ translator
  • This user guide
    • Part 1 - Using the C tools
    • Part 2 - C language issues
    • Part 3 - C++ language issues
    • Part 4 - Developing software for RISC OS
    • Part 5 - Appendixes
    • Conventions used
  • Useful references
    • C programming
    • C++ Programming
    • RISC OS
    • The ANSI C standard
    • The ANSI C++ standard

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 2: CC and C++

• CC and C++
  • The underlying programs
    • How the tools use them
    • A note about Make
  • Getting started with CC and C++
  • Libraries
    • C libraries
    • C++ libraries
  • File naming and placing conventions
    • Work directory
    • Filename conventions
      • Rooted filenames
      • Source files
      • Include files
      • Object files
      • Program files
      • Compilation list files
      • Assembly list files
      • Filename validity
  • Include file searching
    • Reference section
      • Search path
      • Nested includes
      • Use of :mem
      • Use of C$Libroot
  • The SetUp dialogue box
    • Source
    • Include
    • Compile only
    • Preprocess only
    • Debug
    • Throwback
  • The SetUp menu
    • The command line
    • Controlling the preprocessor
      • Default path
      • Keep comments
      • Define
      • Undefine
    • Controlling code generation
      • Debug options
      • Profile
      • Assembler
      • Module code
    • Controlling the linker
      • Libraries
    • Using the Features menu option
      • Features
    • Handling warnings and errors
      • Suppress warnings
      • Suppress errors
      • UNIX pcc
      • Errors to file
    • Listings
      • Listing
    • Choosing your work directory
      • Work directory
    • Specifying other command line options
      • Others
  • Output messages
  • The icon bar menu
  • Command lines
    • Keyword options
    • Preprocessor options
    • Translator options
    • Code generation options
    • Linker options
    • Warning and error message options
    • Additional feature options
  • Worked examples
    • CHello
    • C++Hello
    • Sieve
    • Dhrystone 2.1
    • CModule
    • Desktop application examples

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 3: CMHG

• CMHG
  • A note about Make
  • Starting CMHG
  • The icon bar menu
  • Example output
  • Command line interface

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 4: ToANSI

• ToANSI
  • ToANSI C translation
    • A note about Make
  • Starting ToANSI
  • The icon bar menu
  • Example output
  • Command line interface

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 5: ToPCC

• ToPCC
  • ToPCC C translation
    • A note about Make
  • Starting ToPCC
  • The icon bar menu
  • Example output
  • Command line interface

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 6: C implementation details

• C implementation details
  • Implementation details
    • Identifiers
    • Data elements
      • Limits: limits.h and float.h
    • Structured data types
    • Pointers
      • Pointer subtraction
    • Arithmetic operations
    • Expression evaluation
    • Implementation limits
  • Standard implementation definition
    • Translation (A.6.3.1)
    • Environment (A.6.3.2)
    • Identifiers (A.6.3.3)
    • Characters (A.6.3.4)
    • Integers (A.6.3.5)
    • Floating point (A.6.3.6)
    • Arrays and pointers (A.6.3.7)
    • Registers (A.6.3.8)
    • Structures, unions, enumerations and bitfields (A.6.3.9)
    • Qualifiers (A.6.3.10)
    • Declarators (A.6.3.11)
    • Statements (A.6.3.12)
    • Preprocessing directives (A.6.3.13)
    • Library functions (A.6.3.14)
  • Extra features
    • #pragma directives
      • Pragmas controlling the preprocessor
      • Pragmas controlling printf/scanf argument checking
      • Pragmas controlling optimisation
      • Pragmas controlling code generation
        • Stack limit checking
        • Memory access checking
        • Global (program-wide) register variables
    • Special function declaration keywords
      • __value_in_regs
      • __pure
    • Special variable declaration keywords
      • __global_reg(n)
      • __global_freg(n)

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 7: The C library

• The C library
  • assert.h
  • ctype.h
  • errno.h
    • EDOM
    • ERANGE
    • ESIGNUM
  • float.h
  • limits.h
  • locale.h
    • setlocale
    • lconv
  • math.h
  • setjmp.h
    • setjmp
    • longjmp
  • signal.h
    • raise
  • stdarg.h
    • va_list
    • va_start
    • va_arg
    • va_end
  • stddef.h
  • stdio.h
    • remove
    • rename
    • tmpfile
    • tmpnam
    • fclose
    • fflush
    • fopen
    • freopen
    • setbuf
    • setvbuf
    • fprintf
    • printf
    • sprintf
    • fscanf
    • scanf
    • sscanf
    • vprintf
    • vfprintf
    • vsprintf
    • fgetc
    • fgets
    • fputc
    • fputs
    • getc
    • getchar
    • gets
    • putc
    • putchar
    • puts
    • ungetc
    • fread
    • fwrite
    • fgetpos
    • fseek
    • fsetpos
    • ftell
    • rewind
    • clearerr
    • feof
    • ferror
    • perror
  • stdlib.h
    • atof
    • atoi
    • atol
    • strtod
    • strtol
    • strtoul
    • rand
    • srand
    • calloc
    • free
    • malloc
    • realloc
    • abort
    • atexit
    • exit
    • getenv
    • system
    • bsearch
    • qsort
    • abs
    • div
    • labs
    • ldiv
      • Multibyte character functions
    • mblen
    • mbtowc
    • wctomb
      • Multibyte string functions
    • mbstowcs
    • wcstombs
  • string.h
    • memcpy
    • memmove
    • strcpy
    • strncpy
    • strcat
    • strncat
    • memcmp
    • strcmp
    • strncmp
    • strcoll
    • strxfrm
    • memchr
    • strchr
    • strcspn
    • strpbrk
    • strrchr
    • strspn
    • strstr
    • strtok
    • memset
    • strerror
    • strlen
  • time.h
    • struct tm
    • clock
    • difftime
    • mktime
    • time
    • asctime
    • ctime
    • gmtime
    • localtime
    • strftime

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 8: The ANSI library

• The ANSI library
  • Extra functions
    • __heap_checking_on_all_allocates / __heap_checking_on_all_deallocates
    • _mapstore / _fmapstore

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 9: The Event library

• The Event library
  • Introduction
  • Registering and deregistering event handlers
  • Registering and deregistering message handlers
  • Quitting applications
  • Programmer interface
  • Initialisation
    • event_initialise
    • event_set_mask
    • event_get_mask
  • Polling
    • event_poll
    • event_poll_idle
  • Registering handlers
    • event_register_wimp_handler
    • event_register_toolbox_handler
    • event_register_message_handler
    • event_deregister_wimp_handler
    • event_deregister_toolbox_handler
    • event_deregister_message_handler
  • Handlers
    • WimpEventHandler
    • ToolboxEventHandler
    • WimpMessageHandler
  • Example

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 10: The Wimp library

• The Wimp library
  • Programmer interface
    • wimp_add_messages
    • wimp_base_of_sprites
    • wimp_block_copy
    • wimp_claim_free_memory
    • wimp_close_down
    • wimp_close_template
    • wimp_close_window
    • wimp_command_window
    • wimp_create_icon
    • wimp_create_menu, CloseMenu
    • wimp_create_submenu
    • wimp_create_window
    • wimp_decode_menu
    • wimp_delete_icon
    • wimp_delete_window
    • wimp_drag_box, CancelDrag
    • wimp_extend
    • wimp_force_redraw
    • wimp_get_caret_position
    • wimp_get_icon_state
    • wimp_get_menu_state
    • wimp_get_pointer_info
    • wimp_get_rectangle
    • wimp_get_window_info
    • wimp_get_window_outline
    • wimp_get_window_state
    • wimp_initialise
    • wimp_load_template
    • wimp_open_template
    • wimp_open_window
    • wimp_plot_icon
    • wimp_poll
    • wimp_poll_idle
    • wimp_process_key
    • wimp_read_palette
    • wimp_read_pix_trans
    • wimp_read_sys_info, WimpSysInfo
    • wimp_redraw_window
    • wimp_register_filter
    • wimp_remove_messages
    • wimp_report_error
    • wimp_resize_icon
    • wimp_send_message
    • wimp_set_caret_position
    • wimp_set_colour, Wimp_BackgroundColour
    • wimp_set_colour_mapping
    • wimp_set_extent
    • wimp_set_font_colours
    • wimp_set_icon_state
    • wimp_set_mode
    • wimp_set_palette, Palette
    • wimp_set_pointer_shape
    • wimp_set_watchdog_state
    • wimp_slot_size
    • wimp_sprite_op, SpriteParams
    • wimp_start_task
    • wimp_text_colour
    • wimp_text_op
    • wimp_transfer_block
    • wimp_update_window
    • wimp_which_icon

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 11: The Toolbox library

• The Toolbox library

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 12: The Render library

• The Render library

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 13: C++ implementation details

• C++ implementation details
  • Translation Limits
  • Identifiers (2.3)
    • Identifiers reserved by Release 3.0
  • Character Constants (2.5.2)
    • Value of multicharacter constants
    • Value of (single) character constants
    • Wide character constants
  • Floating Constants (2.5.3)
    • Long double floating constants
  • String Literals (2.5.4)
    • Distinct string literals
    • Wide character strings
  • Start and Termination (3.4)
    • Type of main()
    • Linkage of main()
  • Fundamental Types (3.6.1)
    • Signed integral types
    • Long double type
    • Alignment requirements
  • Integral Conversions (4.2)
    • Conversion to a signed type
  • Expressions (5)
    • Overflow and divide check
  • Function Call (5.2.2)
    • Evaluation order
  • Explicit Type Conversion (5.4)
    • Explicit conversions between pointer and integral types
  • Multiplicative Operators (5.6)
    • Sign of the remainder
  • Shift Operators (5.8)
    • Result of right shift
  • Relational Operators (5.9)
    • Pointer comparisons
  • Storage Class Specifiers (7.1.1)
    • Inline functions
  • Type Specifiers (7.1.6)
    • Volatile
    • Signed
  • Asm Declarations (7.3)
    • Effect of an asm declaration
  • Linkage Specifications (7.4)
    • Languages supported
    • Linkage to functions
    • Linkage to non-functions
  • Class Members (9.2)
    • Allocation of non-static data members
  • Bitfields (9.6)
    • Allocation and alignment of bitfields
    • Sign of 'plain' bitfields
  • Multiple Base Classes (10.1)
    • Allocation of base classes
  • Argument Matching (13.2)
    • Integral arguments
  • Exception Handling (experimental) (15)
  • Predefined Names (16.10)
    • Predefined macros

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 14: The Streams library

• The Streams library
  • Introduction
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Core Classes
      • Predefined streams
      • Classes derived from streambuf
      • Classes derived from istream, ostream, and iostream
    • See also
  • filebuf
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors
      • Members
    • See also
  • fstream
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors
      • Member functions
    • See also
  • ios
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors and assignment
      • Error states
      • Operators
      • Formatting
      • User-defined Format Flags
      • Other members
      • Built-in Manipulators
    • See also
  • istream
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors and assignment
      • Input prefix function
      • Formatted input functions (extractors)
      • Unformatted input functions
      • Other members
      • Member functions related to positioning
      • Manipulator
    • Caveats
    • See also
  • manipulators
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • See also
  • ostream
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors and assignment
      • Output prefix function
      • Output suffix function
      • Formatted output functions (inserters)
      • Unformatted output functions
      • Other member functions
      • Positioning functions
      • Manipulators
    • See also
  • stdiobuf
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • Caveats
    • See also
  • streambuf - protected
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors
      • The Get, Put, and Reserver area
      • Functions to examine the pointers
      • Functions for setting the pointers
      • Other non-virtual members
      • Virtual member functions
    • See also
  • streambuf - public
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • See also
  • strstream
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors
      • istrstream members
      • ostrstream members
      • strstream members
    • See also
  • strstreambuf
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Constructors
      • Member functions
    • See also

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 15: The Complex Math library

• The Complex Math library
  • Introduction
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • Diagnostics
    • See also
  • cartesian/polar
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • See also
  • complex_error
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • See also
  • exp, log, pow, sqrt
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • Diagnostics
    • See also
  • complex operators
    • Synopsis
    • Description
      • Arithmetic operators:
      • Comparison operators
      • Assignment operators
    • Warning
    • See also
  • cplxtrig
    • Synopsis
    • Description
    • Diagnostics
    • See also

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 16: Portability

• Portability
  • General portability considerations
    • Fundamental data types
    • Byte ordering
    • Store alignment
    • Pointers and pointer arithmetic
    • Function argument evaluation
    • System-specific code
  • ANSI C vs K&R C
    • Lexical elements
    • Conversions
    • Expressions
    • Declarations
    • Statements
    • Preprocessor
  • The ToPCC and ToANSI tools
  • pcc compatibility mode
    • Language and preprocessor compatibility
    • Standard headers and libraries
    • ctype.h
    • errno.h
    • math.h
    • signal.h
    • stdio.h
    • string.h
    • stdlib.h
    • float.h
    • limits.h
    • locale.h
  • Environmental aspects

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 17: Assembly language interface

• Assembly language interface
  • Register names
  • Register usage
  • Control arrival
  • Passing arguments
  • Return link
  • Structure results
  • Storage of variables
  • Function workspace
  • Examples

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 18: How to write relocatable modules in C

• How to write relocatable modules in C
  • Getting started
  • Constraints on modules written in C
  • Overview of modules written in C
  • Functional components of modules written in C
    • The C module header generator
    • The format of input to CMHG
    • Runnable application code
    • Initialisation code
    • Finalisation code
    • Service call handler
    • Title string
    • Help string
    • Help and command keyword table
    • SWI chunk base number
    • SWI handler code
    • SWI decoding table
    • SWI decoding code
    • Turning interrupts on and off
    • IRQ handlers
    • Event handler
    • Library initialisation code

Acorn C/C++: Chapter 19: Overlays

• Overlays
  • Paging vs overlays
  • When to use overlays

Acorn C/C++: Appendix A: Changes to the C compiler

• Changes to the C compiler

Acorn C/C++: Appendix B: C errors and warnings

• C errors and warnings
  • Interpreting CC errors and warnings
  • Warnings
    • Warning messages
  • Non-serious errors
  • Serious errors
  • Fatal errors
  • System errors

Acorn C/C++: Appendix C: C++ errors and warnings

• C++ errors and warnings
  • 'Not implemented' messages